Greetings,
This week, we examine Affirm’s blockbuster IPO performance, Visa and Plaid’s abandoned merger, Walmart’s entry into fintech, and earnings season kick off with JPM, C, and WFC.
Also, we’re happy to share that PeerIQ has been selected for Phase III of FDIC’s Rapid Phase Prototype competition! We are humbled and grateful for the win – and it reflects our broadening focus on the depository institution space. See the FDIC press release here for details.
Let’s get to it.
U.S. Jobless Claims Jump, Fed’s Easy Money Policy to Remain in Place
In macro news, U.S. jobless claims saw the biggest weekly jump since March 2020, rising by 181,000 to 965,000 last week.
Fed Chairman Jerome Powell said that “we are a long way from maximum employment,” indicating that the central bank’s easy money policies will remain in place for the foreseeable future.
Get Ready for Self-Driving Banks
The OCC’s acting comptroller of currency Brian Brooks wrote an op-ed in FT on how the OCC plans to handle decentralized finance (DeFi).
Comptroller Brooks makes the case for DeFi – a thesis for delivering of financial services with no human intermediation:
- “Could regulators properly examine a bank that exists only as software? Yes, we can. It may be easier than supervising banks today. Our examiners could be retrained to read the algorithms that make deposit pricing or credit decisions and work out whether they comply with legal requirements.”
- “Could the OCC even grant a national bank charter to open-source software that manages deposit-taking, lending, or payments, if it doesn’t have officers or directors? Not yet. Under current law, drawn up on the assumptions of the early 20th century, charters can only be issued to human beings. But those antiquated rules should be revisited, just as regulations that still mandate the use of fax machines should be.”
Overall, it’s welcoming a creative line of thinking.
Blockbuster IPO for Affirm / SPAC Mania
Consumer lending fintech Affirm (ticker: AFRM) went public on the Nasdaq on Wednesday and saw their stock rocket 100% from an initial listing price of $49. Affirm’s IPO had already increased the initial pricing target of $41 to $44 due to insatiable investor demand for IPOs/SPAC.
Affirm’s shares closed the day at $97.24, and were last trading at ~$113, with a market cap of $27Bn. Affirm’s market cap is larger than all fintech lenders put together (that may change after a SoFi SPAC).
What’s the difference between Affirm and fintech lenders? As we noted in our Affirm S-1 deepdive, Affirm is playing to disintermediate traditional Visa/MC payment networks. Settling transactions via Affirm enables merchants to avoid the ~2.5% in interchange fees and poses the first real threat to incumbents since Square. (Reminder, Square took capital from Visa and operates on traditional payment rails.)
Nevertheless, the mania for IPOs and SPACs – especially amongst retail mo-mo driven investors in the age of RobinHood is palpable. (See, for instance, the record volume of call options traded by retail investors.)
Tech now constitutes 38% of the S&P 500 market cap yet contributes only 6% to GDP, and 2% to employment.
Matt Levine has a hypothesis around the recent trend of “IPO pops” for those looking to dig in more.
Source: The Daily Shot, Bloomberg, PeerIQ
Earnings Season Kicks off with JPM, C and WFC
JPMorgan Chase & Co. posted a record quarterly profit while Citigroup Inc. and Wells Fargo both posted higher-than-expected earnings in the final three months of the year, boosted by the reserve releases and Wall Street’s record-setting run.
JPM also reported an eye-popping ROE of 24%. JPM also noted a $2.9Bn reserve release, which reflected the impact of vaccines and fiscal stimulus plans. (See our note on the banking sector reserves here.) We pointed that a good chunk of reserve builds from the mega-banks would be released – main surprise is just how quickly that has come.
The divergence between Main Street and Wall Street operations continues. Revenues fell at all three banks’ consumer divisions, even as the investment banking divisions posted strong results, and equity underwriting fees at both JPM and Citi jumped by over 80% driven by the recent SPAC frenzy.
Visa and Plaid Break Up, Another SPAC in the Offing?
Visa Inc. and Plaid announced that the companies have terminated their merger agreement and agreed with the DOJ to dismiss the litigation related to the proposed transaction. However, it could be a blessing in disguise for Plaid.
The proposed deal was first announced on January 13, 2020. Since then, Plaid’s prospects have soared, as the pandemic accelerated adoption of digital banking – Plaid’s customer base grew 60% in 2020. Plus the DOJ lawsuit raised Plaid’s profile considerably, mentioning in a press release “Plaid, a successful fintech firm, is developing a payments platform that would challenge Visa’s monopoly.”
Speculation is already swirling that Plaid may go the SoFi route and seek a SPAC.
Walmart Gets on the FinTech Bandwagon
Walmart will team up with Ribbit Capital, the investment firm behind Robinhood, to create a fintech start-up. The retail giant interacts with millions of customers and its substantial brick-and-mortar presence could help win over the unbanked and underbanked, a demographic that has historically had trouble trusting financial institutions, including online-only fintechs.
Walmart’s previous application for ILC (Industrial Loan Company) in 2005 saw industry wide pushback, resulting in them withdrawing the application 2 years later.
Walmart is likely targeting the mass-market and the under-banked population. This could pressure fintechs and neo-banks focused on the same sector (Dave, MoneyLion, Avant, etc.).
Note however that Walmart has not historically had a great track record on ambitious tech projects. The $4Bn Walmart Jets.com acquisition was shut down earlier this year. The retail giant has almost 3x the revenue of Amazon, but has not been able to translate that to e-commerce dominance.
Checkout Reaches $15Bn Valuation; LendingPoint Raises $125MM from Warburg
Checkout.com, led by CEO Guillaume Pousaz, raised $450MM in a Series C round valuing the firm at $15Bn. The round was led by Tiger Global Management.
Checkout.com wants to build a one-stop shop for all things related to payments, such as accepting transactions, processing them, and detecting fraud.
Checkout.com is an infrastructure partner that focuses on large merchants differentiating on the ability to customize. No doubt Checkout.com has benefitted from Stripe’s valuations and Affirm’s IPO, all of whom are attacking similar or adjacent opportunities.
Also in financing news, LendingPoint secured a $125MM growth investment from Warburg Pincus. Warburg is also an investor in fintech Solar Mosaic.
In the News:
- Banks are Shuttering Branches Left and Right. Here’s Why. (FinLedger, 1/11/2021) According to the National Community Reinvestment Coalition, the U.S. has seen a 5.13% decrease in bank branches from 2017 through Q3 2020.
- Are CRE Foreclosures on the Horizon? (American Banker, 1/13/2021) Banks are carefully monitoring commercial real estate loan portfolios as delinquencies for the asset class hit 1% for the first time in five years.
- QR Code Payments Users is Expected to Surpass 2.2 Billion within Next 5 Years: Report (Crowdfund Insider, 1/13/2021) According to Juniper Research, by 2025, 30% of all mobile phone customers would use QR Code payment options.
- Walgreens to Roll Out Co-Branded Cards with Mastercard, Synchrony (WSJ, 1/13/2021) Walgreens partners with Synchrony and Mastercard to offer new financial products.
- Intercontinental Exchange’s Cryptocurrency Venture to Go Public Through a SPAC (WSJ, 1/11/2021) Intercontinental Exchange’s Cryptocurrency, Bakkt, will make its market debut via SPAC.
- Citizens Launches Citizens Pay Brand to Boost Point of Sale Lending (American Banker, 1/11/2021) Citizens has officially launched Citizens Pay, which solidifies the brand’s presence in the point of sale lending space.
- Inside MetaBank, the Bank Behind Stimulus Payment Cards (FinLedger, 1/12/2021) MetaBank’s motives behind the stimulus payment debit cards
- What Banks, FinTechs can Learn from Simple’s Rise and Sudden Death (American Banker, 1/11/2021) Simple’s BBVA acquisition might have been its downfall.
- Podcast 280: Thea Mason of PenFed Credit Union (Lend Academy, 1/8/2021) PenFed’s VP of Consumer Banking, Thea Mason, discussed digital transformation for credit unions and PenFed’s current fintech partnerships.
Lighter Fare:
- Lost Passwords Lock Millionaires Out of Their Bitcoin Fortunes (NY Times, 1/12/2021) San Francisco programmer cannot access his $220MM in Bitcoin.